What are the required prerequisite courses for dental school

Okay, so I know dental schools generally require certain science courses, but I’m a little confused about the specifics. I’m a sophomore right now, and I want to make sure I’m on the right track.

Besides just the names of the courses (like, "General Chemistry I"), what kind of labs are usually required? Are they separate lab courses, or are they integrated into the lecture course? For example, is "General Chemistry I" enough, or does it have to be "General Chemistry I with Lab"?

Also, are there specific biology courses they look for, other than just "Biology I and II"? Does Anatomy & Physiology usually count, or is it expected that you have a separate course in each? I’m also trying to decide between a major in Biology and a major in Biochemistry – does it matter which one I choose in terms of covering all the necessary prereqs?

Finally, what about courses outside of the sciences? I’ve heard conflicting information about English composition and maybe even psychology. Is that stuff actually required, or just "recommended"? And is there any flexibility with these requirements? For example, could I potentially use AP credit for English? I’m applying in a few years, and I want to make sure I don’t miss anything crucial! I’m aiming for a top-tier school, so understanding their specific requirements is key. Thanks!

Answer

Dental schools in the United States and Canada typically require a specific set of prerequisite courses to ensure applicants have a strong foundation in the sciences and related fields. While the specific requirements can vary slightly between institutions, the following is a comprehensive overview of the generally required prerequisite courses:

Science Courses:

• General Biology/Zoology (with lab): Most schools require two semesters (or three quarters) of introductory biology. The courses should cover fundamental biological principles, including cell structure and function, genetics, evolution, ecology, and organismal biology. The accompanying laboratory component is crucial for developing hands-on skills in experimental design, data analysis, and microscopy. Coursework sometimes requires covering subjects like botany, microbiology, or related topics.
• General Chemistry (with lab): Two semesters (or three quarters) of general or inorganic chemistry are almost universally required. This coursework focuses on fundamental chemical principles, including atomic structure, chemical bonding, stoichiometry, thermodynamics, chemical kinetics, equilibrium, acids and bases, and electrochemistry. The laboratory component provides practical experience with chemical reactions, titrations, qualitative analysis, and other essential laboratory techniques.
• Organic Chemistry (with lab): Two semesters (or three quarters) of organic chemistry are generally required. This coursework covers the structure, properties, reactions, and synthesis of organic compounds, including alkanes, alkenes, alkynes, alcohols, ethers, aldehydes, ketones, carboxylic acids, amines, and aromatic compounds. Emphasis is placed on reaction mechanisms and spectroscopic techniques. The laboratory component involves organic synthesis, purification, and characterization of organic compounds. Some schools may require or recommend that one semester of biochemistry can take place of one semester of organic chemistry.
• Biochemistry: Many schools require or strongly recommend a one-semester course in biochemistry. This course focuses on the chemical processes occurring within living organisms, including the structure and function of biomolecules (proteins, carbohydrates, lipids, and nucleic acids), enzyme kinetics, metabolic pathways, and bioenergetics.
• Physics (with lab): Most schools require two semesters (or three quarters) of general physics. The courses should cover fundamental principles of mechanics, heat, light, sound, electricity, and magnetism. The laboratory component provides hands-on experience with experimental techniques and data analysis. Calculus-based or algebra-based physics courses may be acceptable, but it is important to check the specific requirements of each dental school.

Mathematics Courses:

• College Mathematics: Most schools require at least one, and sometimes two, semesters of college-level mathematics. This may include calculus, statistics, or a combination of courses.
• Calculus: Some dental schools may specifically require one or two semesters of calculus, particularly calculus I.
• Statistics: A course in statistics is often required or recommended, as it provides a foundation for understanding and interpreting research data in the health sciences.

English/Writing Courses:

• English Composition/Writing: Two semesters (or three quarters) of English composition or writing-intensive courses are universally required. The emphasis is on developing strong writing skills, including grammar, composition, critical thinking, and argumentation. Some schools may accept courses in rhetoric, literature, or communication in fulfillment of this requirement if they have a significant writing component.

Other Recommended Courses:

While not always required, the following courses can strengthen an application and provide a more comprehensive foundation for dental school:

• Anatomy: A course in human anatomy provides a detailed understanding of the structure of the human body.
• Physiology: A course in human physiology covers the function of the human body and its organ systems.
• Microbiology: A course in microbiology provides an understanding of microorganisms and their role in health and disease.
• Histology: The study of the microscopic structure of tissues.
• Business Courses: Some schools recommend courses in business, finance, or practice management to prepare students for the business aspects of running a dental practice.
• Psychology and Sociology: These courses can provide valuable insights into human behavior and social factors that influence health and healthcare.
• Health-related Electives: Courses in public health, nutrition, or epidemiology can demonstrate an interest in the broader aspects of healthcare.

Important Considerations:

• Specific School Requirements: It is essential to consult the specific requirements of each dental school to which you plan to apply. Requirements can vary significantly between institutions. Dental school websites and admissions guides are the best sources of information.
• Course Equivalency: If you are unsure whether a particular course will fulfill a prerequisite, contact the admissions office of the dental school for clarification.
• Advanced Placement (AP) Credit: Many dental schools do not accept AP credit for prerequisite courses, especially in the sciences. Taking the corresponding college-level courses is strongly recommended, even if you have AP credit.
• Community College Courses: Dental schools generally accept prerequisite courses taken at community colleges, provided that the courses are equivalent to those offered at four-year institutions. However, some schools may prefer that upper-level science courses be taken at a four-year institution.
• Timing of Courses: It’s recommended to complete the majority of the prerequisite courses before taking the Dental Admission Test (DAT).
• Strong Academic Performance: Dental schools look for applicants with strong grades in prerequisite courses. Aim to achieve A’s and B’s in these courses to be competitive.
• Labs: Almost all science prerequisites require a corresponding lab. Labs provide invaluable hands-on experience for future dentists.
• Course Descriptions: Keep detailed course descriptions, including the textbook used and the topics covered, as dental schools sometimes request these to evaluate course equivalency.
• Canadian Dental Schools: Canadian dental schools often have similar prerequisites to US schools, but some might require additional courses such as humanities or social sciences. Always verify specific requirements.
• Prerequisite GPA: Many dental schools calculate a separate GPA based on prerequisite courses. A strong prerequisite GPA is essential for a competitive application.
• Holistic Review: While strong grades and DAT scores are important, dental schools also consider other factors, such as extracurricular activities, volunteer experience, research experience, and letters of recommendation.

By fulfilling these prerequisite requirements and demonstrating a commitment to academic excellence, you can significantly increase your chances of admission to dental school.